Masana'antar kudan zuma ta kasar Sin

Don auna darajar ci gaban masana'antu, zamu iya ganewa daga bangarori biyu: ɗaya shine matakin injiniyoyi, ɗayan shine darajar samfuran.Daga wannan kusurwa, matakin ci gaban masana'antar kudan zuma na kasar Sin ba shi da kyakkyawan fata.A halin yanzu da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da tattalin arzikin kasarmu cikin sauri, ya zama wajibi kuma mai yiwuwa ne a inganta matakin sarrafa kudan zuma cikin sauri.

Halin da ake ciki na kiwon kudan zuma a kasarmu a halin yanzu yana da sha'awar yin injuna
Fasahar kiwon zumarmu ta dogara ne akan aikin hannu gaba ɗaya tare da kayan aiki masu sauƙi kuma babu injina.Wannan yanayin samar da shi yana kawo jerin matsaloli ga ci gaban kiwon zuma.

1. Fasahar kiwon zuma gabaɗaya baya baya
Karancin injina yana iyakance ma'auni na apiary.Masu kiwon zuma suna ƙoƙarin samun ƙarin samfuran kudan zuma a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanki ta hanyar aiki mai nauyi na jiki da na tunani, wanda ke haifar da raguwar lafiyar yankin, ƙarancin ingancin kayan kudan, ƙarancin fa'idodin tattalin arziki da rashin kwanciyar hankali.Wasu a cikin masana'antar suna alfahari da makauniyar fasahar da ke ba mu damar fitar da samfuran da suka wuce gona da iri daga wasu yankuna, kuma suna ci gaba da bin fasahar da ke ba mu damar ƙara yawan amfanin gonaki na kowane mutum.

(1) Karamin sikeli da rashin inganci: Matsakaicin adadin kiwon ƙudan zuma a ƙasarmu ya ƙaru a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma matsakaicin ma'aunin ƙwararrun apiaries yana haɓaka ƙungiyoyi 80 zuwa 100.Sai dai har yanzu gibin yana da yawa idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka ci gaba, irinsu Amurka, Kanada da sauran kasashen da suka ci gaba, wanda shi ne mafi yawan adadin mutane biyu da ke kiwon shanu 30,000.Galibin wuraren noman rani a kasarmu sun hada da cunkoson ababen more rayuwa da kuma aiki tukuru da muhallin rayuwa, kudaden shigar da suke samu daga yuan 50,000 zuwa 100,000 a duk shekara, kuma kudaden shiga ba su da kwanciyar hankali, galibi suna fuskantar hadarin asara.

(2) Mummunan Cuta: Saboda karancin ma'aunin kiwon kudan zuma, zuba jarin apiary a yankunan kudan zuma zai ragu gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu, sayan kudan zuma zai karu gwargwadon iko.Sakamakon haka, gaba ɗaya lafiyar kudan zuma ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma kudan zuma na iya kamuwa da cututtuka.Yawancin manoma sun dogara ne kawai da magunguna don magance cututtukan kudan zuma, yana ƙara haɗarin ragowar ƙwayoyi a cikin samfuran kudan zuma.

2. Ƙananan matakin injiniyoyi
Matsayin ci gaban injinan kiwon zuma a ƙasarmu yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma bai dace da ci gaban tattalin arziki, kimiyya da fasaha da masana'antar injina a ƙasarmu ba.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu masu hankali a masana'antar sun fara fahimtar wannan matsala, kuma sun yi ƙoƙari sosai wajen ƙarfafa aikin sarrafa zuma.

A farkon shekarun 1980, lokacin da kasar uwa ta gabatar da "sarrafar zamani guda hudu", tsofaffin masu kiwon kudan zuma sun gabatar da taken aikin sarrafa kudan zuma, kuma sun gudanar da binciken injiniyoyi a fannonin motoci na musamman na kiwon zuma.Matsayin injiniyoyi na mafi yawan filayen apiary a cikin ƙasarmu har yanzu ba a haɓaka ba, kuma har yanzu yana cikin shekarun “makamai masu sanyi” kamar su goge, buroshi, busa hayaki, mai yanka zuma, ruwan zuma, da sauransu.

Noma, a matsayinta na masana’antu a fannin noma, tana da babban gibi tsakanin matakin ci gaban injiniyoyinta da na shuka da kiwo.Daga shekaru 30 zuwa 40 da suka gabata, yawan aikin noma da injiniyoyi a kasarmu ya ragu matuka, musamman noman da ake nomawa.Yanzu matakin injiniyoyi na dasa shuki a manyan wuraren noma ya samu ci gaba sosai.Hakanan ma'auni da injina na kiwon dabbobi sun haɓaka ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle da iyaka.Kafin shekarun 1980, manoma suna kiwon aladu, saniya, kaji, agwagwa da sauran dabbobi da kaji a matsayin gefe guda a lambobi guda, amma yanzu matakin ci gaban injininsa ya zarce na masana'antar kudan zuma.

Halin cigaban injinan kiwon zuma a kasarmu
Ko dai idan aka kwatanta da sana'ar kiwon zuma da ta ci gaba a kasashen ketare ko kuma masana'antar kiwon zuma da ta ci gaba a cikin gida, manyan ayyuka da injiniyoyi na kiwon zuma a kasarmu ya zama wajibi.

1. Injin sarrafa kudan zuma shine bukatar ci gaban sana'ar kudan zuma
Sikeli shine ginshiƙin haɓaka aikin kiwo kuma injina shine garantin ma'aunin kiwo.
(1) Bukatar ci gaban fasaha a cikin manyan kiwo na ƙudan zuma: sikelin siffa ce ta al'ada ta samar da yawan jama'a na zamani, kuma masana'antu masu ƙarancin fa'ida ba tare da sikeli ba tabbas za su ragu.Fasahar ciyar da kudan zuma mai girma ta kasar Sin ta samu babban ci gaba a kasarmu, kana an jera manyan fasahohin ciyar da kudan zuma a cikin babban shirin ma'aikatar aikin gona ta shekarar 2017. Duk da haka, wannan ci gaban fasaha ya samo asali ne bisa sauki fasahar aiki.Ci gaba da ci gaban fasahar ciyar da kudan zuma na bukatar dogaro da injina, wanda ya zama ginshikin ci gaban ciyarwar kudan zuma a halin yanzu.

(2) Rage ƙarfin aiki: Tsari na musamman na injiniyoyi a cikin watan Fabrairun 2018 mai zafi ya mai da hankali kan aikin noma na kasar Sin da bai kai digiri 25 ba, wanda hakan ya sa kiwon zuma ya zama masana'antar mai wahala da rashin samun kudin shiga, masu kiwon kudan zuma tare da karuwar shekaru, karfin jiki ba zai iya samun damar kiwon zuma ba. ;Ci gaba a sauran masana'antu na jawo hankalin matasa ma'aikata da kuma barin aikin noma tare da 'yan kaɗan, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa injiniyoyi ne kawai hanyar ci gaba.

(3) Yana da fa'ida don inganta ingancin zuma: inganta matakin injina yana taimakawa wajen faɗaɗa ma'aunin kiwon kudan zuma da rage matsi da masu kiwon zuma ke yi na neman amfanin gona guda ɗaya.A karkashin yanayin tabbatar da yawan amfanin gona na kudan zuma, ana sa ran za a magance matsalolin ƙarancin balaga na zuma, lalacewar ferment na zuma, haɓaka injiniyoyi akan tasirin launi da dandano.Rage amfani da kudan zuma fiye da kima yana taimakawa wajen inganta lafiyar kudan zuma, ta yadda za a rage amfani da magungunan kudan zuma da rage hadarin da ya rage a cikin kayayyakin kudan zuma.

2. An fara aikin sarrafa kudan zuma
A kasar mu, marubucin ya fara fahimtar mahimmanci da wajibcin sarrafa aikin kiwon zuma.Kungiyoyin farar hula da na gwamnati sun ba da wani kulawa ga injinan kiwon zuma.Ci gaban tattalin arziki, kimiyya da fasaha shi ma ya kafa harsashin sarrafa sarrafa zuma.

Wasu masu kiwon zuma masu zaman kansu ne suka jagoranci aikin binciken injiniyoyi.Akalla shekaru 8 da suka gabata, an mayar da manyan motocin jigilar kayayyaki zuwa motoci na musamman don ɗaukar kudan zuma.Ana fitar da kofofin hiya a bangarorin biyu na abin hawa a waje.Bayan isa wurin da ake sanya ƙudan zuma, yankunan kudan zuma a bangarorin biyu ba sa buƙatar sauke kaya.Bayan an sauke hive a tsakiya, an kafa tashar sarrafa kudan zuma.Manyan gonakin kudan zuma a jihar Xinjiang sun yi wa kansu kwaskwarima shekaru 10 da suka gabata don cimma nasarar kawar da kudan zuma da injina wajen aikin hakar zuma.Ana lodin injinan dizal akan ƙananan motocin sufuri don samar da wutar lantarki ga masu hura kudan zuma a ayyukan hakar zuma a filin.

Song Xinfang, mataimakiyar majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin, ma'aikatar aikin gona da ma'aikatar kudi ta tura ta gabatar da manufofin fifiko kamar tallafin kudan zuma da injina.Lardunan Shandong da Zhejiang da sauran lardunan sun kuma tsara wasu matakai don inganta aikin sarrafa kifin.Masu kera motoci kuma suna aiki a cikin ƙira da gyare-gyaren motoci na musamman na kiwon zuma, wannan gyare-gyaren wata babbar ƙima ce, don samar da garantin tsaro don samar da kiwon zuma, kiwon zuma na musamman a cikin samfuran doka.Ci gaban tattalin arziki da kimiyya da fasaha da masana'antu na kasar Sin ya samar da tushen samun saurin bunkasuwar masana'antun masana'antu, wanda ya sa bincike da bunkasa injinan kiwon zuma cikin sauki.Wasu na'urorin kiwon kudan zuma na iya amfani da kayayyakin da ake dasu, irin su cokali mai yatsu;Wasu za a iya ɗan gyara su don samar da kiwon zuma, kamar manyan motoci masu haɓaka;Wasu na iya komawa zuwa tsarin ƙa'idar inji na kayan aiki na musamman na kiwon zuma.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, samar da injiniyoyin jelly na sarauta ya sami babban ci gaba.Na'urar da ba ta da kwari, na'urar motsa kwari iri-iri da na'ura mai sarrafa kwari sun sami ci gaba sosai.Kayan aiki da fasaha na samar da injiniyoyi na jelly na sarauta suna ƙara girma.Ya zama dole a tunatar da masana’antar cewa samar da jelly a kasarmu shi ne kan gaba a duniya domin samar da jelly na bukatar kwarewa sosai da taimakon dan Adam.Ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ba sa shiga cikin masana'antu masu fa'ida, kuma ƙasashen da suka ci baya ba su da sauƙi wajen ƙware na zamani da fasahar samar da ɓangaren litattafan almara.Lokacin da fasahar kera injin jelly ta girma, yawan samar da jelly na sarauta zai ƙaru sosai a ƙasashen da ke buƙatar jelly na sarauta.Kasashe masu fafutuka a Asiya, Afirka da Latin Amurka suma suna iya samar da jelly na sarauta tare da kwace kasuwar duniya.Muna bukatar mu yi tunani gaba da tsara shirin gaba.

Tunanin ci gaban injinan kiwon zuma na ƙasarmu.
An fara aikin sarrafa kudan zuma a kasar Sin, kuma za a fuskanci matsaloli da matsaloli da dama a nan gaba.Ya zama dole a fayyace matsuguni daban-daban, a nemo hanyoyin da za a bi don warware matsalar ci gaba, da ci gaba da inganta injinan kiwon zuma.

1. Dangantaka tsakanin injinan kiwon zuma da sikelin kiwon zuma
Injiniyan kiwon zuma da haɓaka sikelin kiwon zuma.Bukatar sarrafa kudan zuma ya zo ne daga ma'aunin kiwon zuma, inda injinan kiwon zuma ba su da amfani a kananan wuraren kiwon zuma.Matsayin injina na kiwon zuma sau da yawa yana ƙayyadad da ma'auni na kiwon zuma, kuma ma'auni na kiwon kudan zuma yana ƙayyade ƙimar buƙatar injina.Haɓaka aikin sarrafa kudan zuma na iya inganta ma'aunin kiwon zuma.Haɓaka ma'aunin kiwon zuma ya ƙara buƙatar samar da ingantattun injiniyoyi, don haka haɓaka bincike da haɓaka injinan kiwon zuma.Su biyun kuma suna takurawa juna, wanda ya fi girman buqatar kiwon zumar ba za a iya tallafa wa kasuwa ba;Idan ba tare da wani babban matakin tallafin injina ba, ma'aunin noman kudan zuma zai kasance mai iyaka.

2. Inganta fasahar kiwo mai girma na kudan zuma
Don inganta aikin injina na kiwon zuma, ya zama dole a ci gaba da inganta ma'aunin kiwon zuma.Tare da haɓaka manyan kayan abinci, ana haɓaka manyan injinan kiwon zuma a hankali daga ƙananan injinan kiwon zuma.A halin yanzu, babban matakin kiwon zuma da injiniyoyi na kiwon zuma a kasarmu ya ragu sosai.Don haka, ya kamata mu fara daga inganta kayan aiki da samar da kananan injuna don ciyar da ci gaban injiniyoyin kiwon zuma da kuma jagorantar ingantacciyar hanyar ci gaba na injiniyoyi.

3. Ya kamata a daidaita fasahar ciyarwa don haɓaka injiniyoyi
Aiwatar da sabbin injinan tabbas zai shafi yanayin gudanarwa da yanayin fasaha na ƙudan zuma, ko kuma ba zai ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga aikin sabbin injinan ba.Aikace-aikacen kowane sabon na'ura yakamata ya daidaita yanayin gudanarwa da yanayin fasaha na ƙudan zuma a cikin lokaci don haɓaka ci gaba mai dorewa na fasahar kiwon zuma.

4. Gyaran kiwon zuma ya kamata ya inganta sana'ar kiwon zuma
Kwarewa ita ce yanayin ci gaban masana'antu da babu makawa.Ya kamata injiniyoyin kiwon zuma ya inganta tare da jagoranci na musamman na kiwon zuma.Samar da kiwon zuma na musamman ta amfani da ƙarancin albarkatu da makamashi, bincike da haɓaka injunan samarwa na musamman, ƙware da fasahar samar da samfur, ta yadda za a inganta yadda ya dace, kamar injinan samar da jerin zuma, na'urorin samar da jelly na sarauta, injunan samar da pollen kudan zuma, sarauniya. namo jerin musamman inji, keji samar da kudan zuma jerin musamman kayan.