Kuti tiyeze kukula kwamakampani, titha kuzindikira mbali ziwiri: imodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa makina, inayo ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu.Kuchokera ku Angle iyi, kukula kwamakampani a njuchi zaku China sikukhala ndi chiyembekezo.Masiku ano ndi chitukuko chachangu cha sayansi ndi luso ndi chuma m'dziko lathu, ndi zofunika ndi zotheka kusintha makina mlingo wa njuchi mofulumira.
Mkhalidwe wa ulimi wa njuchi m'dziko lathu ndi wofunitsitsa makina
Ukadaulo wathu woweta njuchi wakhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito pamanja ndi zida zosavuta komanso opanda makina.Kapangidwe kameneka kamabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana pa chitukuko cha ulimi wa njuchi.
1. Ukadaulo woweta njuchi nthawi zambiri umakhala wammbuyo
Kuperewera kwa makina kumalepheretsa kukula kwa njuchi.Oweta njuchi amayesetsa kupeza njuchi zambiri m'gulu laling'ono pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zolemetsa zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa thanzi la njuchi, khalidwe loipa la njuchi, phindu lochepa lachuma ndi kusakhazikika.Ena mumakampani amanyadira mwachimbulimbuli ukadaulo womwe umatilola kuti tichotse zinthu zochulukirapo kuchokera kumagulu angapo, ndikupitilizabe kutsatira ukadaulo womwe umatilola kuti tiwonjezere zokolola zamagulu.
(1) Kuchepa kochepa komanso kosagwira bwino ntchito: Chiwerengero cha anthu oweta njuchi m'dziko lathu chawonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa akatswiri oweta njuchi kumakweza magulu 80 mpaka 100.Komabe, kusiyana akadali lalikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka, monga United States, Canada ndi mayiko ena otukuka, lalikulu pa munthu chiwerengero cha anthu awiri kulera 30,000 ng'ombe.Malo ambiri odyetsera njuchi m'dziko lathu ndi odzaza ntchito ndi malo ogwira ntchito molimbika komanso okhalamo, ndalama zapachaka za 50,000 mpaka 100,000 yuan, ndipo ndalama zimakhala zosakhazikika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chotaya.
(2) Matenda oopsa: Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ulimi woweta njuchi, ndalama zosungiramo njuchi m'magulu a njuchi zidzachepa momwe zingathere, ndipo kupeza njuchi kudzawonjezeka momwe zingathere.Zotsatira zake, thanzi lonse la njuchi ndi lochepa, ndipo njuchi zimagwidwa ndi matenda.Alimi ambiri amadalira mankhwala kuti athetse matenda a njuchi, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsalira za mankhwala muzinthu za njuchi.
2. Kutsika kwa makina
Chitukuko cha makina oweta njuchi m’dziko lathu n’chochepa kwambiri, ndipo sichigwirizana ndi chitukuko cha chuma, sayansi ndi luso komanso kupanga makina m’dziko lathu.M’zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu ena anzeru m’mafakitale anayamba kuzindikira vutoli, ndipo anayesetsa kulimbikitsa njira zoweta njuchi.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, pamene dziko la amayi linayambitsa "zosintha zinai", alimi akale a m'badwo wakale anaika patsogolo mawu akuti makina oweta njuchi, ndikuchita kufufuza kwa makina pamagulu a magalimoto apadera oweta njuchi.Mulingo wamakina wa malo ambiri odyetsera njuchi m'dziko lathu sunakwezedwebe, ndipo ukadali mum'badwo wa "zida zozizira" monga scraper, apiary brush, blower, chodulira uchi, rocker ya uchi, etc.
Apiculture, monga bizinesi m'munda waulimi, ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kukula kwake kwamakina ndi kubzala ndi kuswana.Kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 40 zapitazo, ulimi waukulu ndi ulimi wa makina m'dziko lathu ndi wotsika kwambiri, makamaka ntchito yochuluka.Tsopano mulingo wamakina wa kubzala m'malo akuluakulu aulimi wakula bwino.Kakulitsidwe kakuweta nyama kachulukirachulukira.Zaka za m'ma 1980 zisanafike, alimi ankaweta nkhumba, ng'ombe, nkhuku, abakha ndi ziweto zina ndi nkhuku monga mbali imodzi, koma tsopano kukula kwake kwa makina kwaposa kwambiri makampani a njuchi.
Chitukuko mchitidwe wa mechanization wa njuchi m'dziko lathu
Kaya kuyerekeza ndi ulimi wa njuchi otukuka kunja kwa dziko kapena ntchito yoweta njuchi yotukuka, kulimidwa kwakukulu ndi makina a njuchi m'dziko lathu ndikofunikira.
1. Kuweta njuchi kumakina ndi kufunikira kwa chitukuko cha njuchi
Scale ndiye maziko a chitukuko cha apiculture ndipo makina ndi chitsimikizo cha kukula kwa apiculture.
(1) Kufunika kwa chitukuko chaukadaulo pakuweta kwakukulu kwa njuchi: sikelo ndi mawonekedwe amakono opanga misala, ndipo mafakitale omwe alibe phindu lochepa popanda sikelo atha kuchepa.Tekinoloje yayikulu yodyetsera njuchi zaku China yapita patsogolo kwambiri m'dziko lathu ndipo ukadaulo waukulu wodyetsa njuchi zaku China walembedwa mu dongosolo lalikulu la Unduna wa Zaulimi mu 2017. teknoloji yogwiritsira ntchito.Kupitilirabe patsogolo kwaukadaulo wodyetsera njuchi zazikulu kuyenera kudalira makina, zomwe zakhala zolepheretsa chitukuko chakukula kwa njuchi pakali pano.
(2) Kuchepetsa ntchito mphamvu: Special dongosolo la makina mu February 2018 otentha malo kuganizira China apiculture 25 digiri otsika, chifukwa njuchi wakhala makampani mwakhama ndi otsika ndalama, alimi ndi kukula kwa zaka, mphamvu thupi sangathenso kulima njuchi. ;Zotukuka m'mafakitale ena zikukopa antchito achichepere ndikusiya ulimi wa apiculture ndi olowa m'malo ochepa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti njira yokhayo yopitira patsogolo ndi makina.
(3) Ndikopindulitsa kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa uchi: kukonza makina opangira njuchi kumathandiza kukulitsa kukula kwa njuchi ndi kuchepetsa kukakamiza kwa alimi a njuchi kufunafuna zokolola zamtundu umodzi.Pansi pa mfundo kutsimikizira okwana zokolola za njuchi famu, chikuyembekezeka kuthetsa mavuto otsika kukhwima uchi, uchi nayonso mphamvu kuwonongeka, mawotchi ndende pa chikoka cha mtundu ndi kukoma.Kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa njuchi kumathandiza kuti thanzi la njuchi likhale ndi thanzi labwino, potero kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsalira za njuchi.
2. Njira zoweta njuchi zayamba
M'dziko lathu, wolemba wayamba kuzindikira kufunika ndi kufunikira kwa makina a ulimi wa njuchi.Boma ndi aboma apereka chidwi pa njira yoweta njuchi.Kukula kwa chuma, sayansi ndi luso lamakono kumayalanso maziko a makina oweta njuchi.
Oweta njuchi ena apayekha ndi amene ankatsogolera pofufuza pogwiritsa ntchito makina.Zaka zosachepera 8 zapitazo, magalimoto onyamula katundu wamba adasinthidwa kukhala magalimoto apadera onyamula njuchi.Zitseko za mng'oma kumbali zonse za galimoto zimatulutsidwa kunja.Atafika pamalo oyika njuchi, magulu a njuchi kumbali zonse siziyenera kutulutsidwa.Mng'oma wapakati ukatsitsidwa, njira yoyendetsera njuchi imapangidwa.Mafamu akuluakulu a njuchi ku Xinjiang owombera njuchi zodzipangira okha zaka 10 zapitazo kuti akwaniritse mawotchi ochotsa njuchi pochotsa uchi.Majenereta a dizilo amanyamulidwa pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono onyamula kuti apereke mphamvu kwa owombera njuchi zamagetsi pantchito zochotsa uchi.
Pokankhidwa ndi a Song Xinfang, wachiwiri kwa National People's Congress, Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Unduna wa Zachuma adayambitsa ndondomeko zosankhidwa bwino monga zothandizira njuchi ndi makina.Shandong, Zhejiang ndi zigawo zina apanganso njira zolimbikitsira makina a apiculture.Opanga magalimoto akugwiranso ntchito pakupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa njuchi magalimoto apadera, kusinthidwa uku ndikusintha kwakukulu, kupereka chitsimikizo cha chitetezo cha ulimi wa njuchi, njuchi magalimoto apadera muzinthu zamalamulo.Kukula kwachuma cha China, sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kutukuka kwa mafakitale kwapereka maziko akukula kwamakampani opanga zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha makina oweta njuchi zikhale zosavuta.Zida zina zoweta njuchi zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo kale, monga forklift;Zina zitha kusinthidwa pang'ono kuti zikhale zoweta njuchi, monga magalimoto okhala ndi boom;Ena angatchule mawotchi mfundo kamangidwe ka njuchi zida zapadera.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kupanga makina a royal jelly kwapita patsogolo kwambiri.Chipangizo chopanda tizilombo, makina osiyanasiyana osuntha tizilombo ndi makina opopa apita patsogolo kwambiri.Zida ndi ukadaulo wopanga makina a royal jelly zikuchulukirachulukira.Ndikofunikira kukumbutsa makampani kuti kupanga odzola achifumu mdziko lathu kukutsogola padziko lapansi chifukwa kupanga jelly yachifumu kumafuna luso lapamwamba komanso thandizo la anthu.Mayiko otukuka salowa nawo m’mafakitale amene anthu ambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo mayiko obwerera m’mbuyo n’ngosavuta kudziŵa luso lamakono lopanga zamkati.Ukadaulo wopangira makina a royal jelly ukakhwima, kuchuluka kwa jelly yachifumu kudzachulukirachulukira m'maiko omwe amafunikira jelly yachifumu.Mayiko omwe ali ndi ntchito zambiri ku Asia, Africa ndi Latin America akuyeneranso kupanga jelly yachifumu ndikulanda msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.Tiyenera kuganiza pasadakhale ndi kukonzekeratu.
Lingaliro la chitukuko cha ulimi wa njuchi m'dziko lathu.
Makina oweta njuchi angoyamba kumene ku China, ndipo padzakhala zovuta ndi zovuta zambiri mtsogolo.M'pofunika kulongosola zopinga zosiyanasiyana, kupeza njira zodutsa m'mipando ya chitukuko, ndikupitiriza kulimbikitsa makina oweta njuchi.
1. Ubale pakati pa ulimi wa njuchi ndi sikelo yoweta njuchi
Kuweta njuchi kumakina ndi kukulitsa sikelo yoweta njuchi.Kufunika kwa makina oweta njuchi kumachokera ku kukula kwa njuchi, kumene makina oweta njuchi alibe ntchito m'malo ang'onoang'ono owetera njuchi.Mlingo wa ulimi wa njuchi nthawi zambiri umatsimikizira kukula kwa ulimi wa njuchi, ndipo kukula kwa njuchi kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa makina.Kupanga njira zoweta njuchi kungathe kupititsa patsogolo ulimi wa njuchi.Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ulimi woweta njuchi kwawonjezera kufunika kwa makina apamwamba, motero kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha makina oweta njuchi.Awiriwa amaletsanso wina ndi mzake, zazikulu kuposa kukula kwa ulimi woweta njuchi sikungathe kuthandizidwa ndi msika;Popanda chithandizo chapamwamba cha makina, kukula kwa ulimi wa njuchi kudzakhalanso kochepa.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo luso la kuswana kwa njuchi zazikulu
Kupititsa patsogolo makina mlingo wa njuchi, m`pofunika mosalekeza kusintha lonse mlingo wa njuchi.Ndi chitukuko cha kudyetsa kwakukulu, makina akuluakulu oweta njuchi amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku makina ang'onoang'ono oweta njuchi.Pakali pano, mlingo waukulu wa ulimi wa njuchi ndi makina oweta njuchi m'dziko lathu ndi wotsika kwambiri.Choncho, tiyenera kuyambira kukonza zida ndi kupanga makina ang'onoang'ono kukankhira patsogolo chitukuko cha mechanization ulimi njuchi ndi kutsogolera olondola chitukuko malangizo a mechanization.
3. Ukadaulo wodyetsa uyenera kusinthidwa kuti ukhale wamakina
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa makina atsopano kudzakhudza kasamalidwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi luso la njuchi, kapena sizidzapereka gawo lonse la makina atsopano.Kugwiritsa ntchito makina atsopano ayenera kusintha kasamalidwe akafuna ndi luso akafuna njuchi mu nthawi kulimbikitsa patsogolo zisathe wa ulimi njuchi luso.
4. Makina oweta njuchi alimbikitse luso la ulimi wa njuchi
Specialization ndi njira yosapeŵeka ya chitukuko cha mafakitale.Makina a ulimi wa njuchi ayenera kulimbikitsa ndi kutsogolera ukatswiri wa njuchi.Kuweta njuchi mwapadera pogwiritsa ntchito chuma ndi mphamvu zochepa, kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha makina apadera opangira, luso lamakono la kupanga mankhwala, kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga bwino, monga makina opangira uchi, makina opanga odzola achifumu, makina opangira njuchi, mfumukazi. kulima mndandanda wapadera makina, khola njuchi kupanga mndandanda makina apadera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-10-2023