Inganda zinzuki

Gupima urwego rwiterambere rwinganda, dushobora kumenya mubice bibiri: kimwe nurwego rwimashini, ikindi nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa.Uhereye kuri iyi nguni, urwego rwiterambere rwinganda zinzuki zUbushinwa ntirwizeye.Muri iki gihe hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga n’ubukungu mu gihugu cyacu, birakenewe kandi birashoboka kuzamura urwego rw’imashini z’inzuki vuba.

Ibihe byubu by’ubuvumvu mu gihugu cyacu bifuza imashini
Tekinoroji yacu yubuvumvu ishingiye kubikorwa byintoki rwose hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye kandi nta mashini.Ubu buryo bwo kubyara buzana urukurikirane rwibibazo bigamije iterambere ryinzuki.

1. Ubuhanga bwubuvumvu muri rusange buri inyuma
Ibura rya mashini rigabanya igipimo cyurwego rwa apiary.Abavumvu bihatira kubona ibicuruzwa byinshi byinzuki muri koloni ntoya binyuze mumirimo iremereye yumubiri nubwenge, bigatuma ubuzima bwabakoloni bugabanuka, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byinzuki, inyungu nke mubukungu no guhungabana.Bamwe mu nganda bishimira buhumyi ikoranabuhanga ridufasha kuvana ibicuruzwa birenze muri koloni nkeya, kandi tugakomeza gukurikirana ikoranabuhanga ridufasha kurushaho kongera umusaruro w’abakoloni ku giti cyabo.

.Icyakora, icyuho kiracyari kinini cyane ugereranije n’ibihugu byateye imbere, nka Amerika, Kanada ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere, umubare munini w’umuturage ku bantu babiri bakura amashyo 30.000.Abiaries nyinshi mugihugu cyacu ziremerewe cyane nakazi gakorwa hamwe nakazi gakomeye hamwe n’ibidukikije, amafaranga yinjiza buri mwaka kuva ku 50.000 kugeza ku 100.000, kandi amafaranga yinjiza adahungabana, akenshi ahura n’igihombo.

.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubuzima rusange bwinzuki zinzuki ziri hasi, kandi inzuki zikunda kwandura indwara.Abahinzi benshi bashingira gusa ku biyobyabwenge kugirango bakemure indwara zinzuki, byongera ibyago byo gusigara ibiyobyabwenge mubicuruzwa byinzuki.

2. Urwego rwo hasi rwa mashini
Urwego rwiterambere rwo gukoresha imashini zubuvumvu mu gihugu cyacu ruri hasi cyane, kandi ntiruhuza n’iterambere ry’ubukungu, siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga n’inganda zikora imashini mu gihugu cyacu.Mu myaka yashize, bamwe mu banyabwenge mu nganda batangiye kubona iki kibazo, kandi bashyira ingufu mu gushimangira imashini y’ubuvumvu.

Mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, igihe urwababyaye rwashyiraga imbere “Bane bugezweho”, abakuru b'inzuki bakuze bashyize ahagaragara interuro yo gukoresha imashini y’ubuvumvu, kandi bakora ubushakashatsi ku mashini mu bijyanye n’imodoka zidasanzwe z’ubuvumvu.Urwego rwa mashini yimirima myinshi yubutaka mugihugu cyacu ntirurazamuka, kandi iracyakomeza mugihe cy "intwaro zikonje" nka scraper, brush apiary, umwotsi wumwotsi, gukata ubuki, rocker, nibindi.

Ubuhinzi, nk'inganda mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi, bufite itandukaniro rinini hagati y’iterambere ry’imashini n’urwego rwo gutera no korora.Kuva mu myaka 30 kugeza kuri 40 ishize, urwego runini rw’ubuhinzi n’imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi mu gihugu cyacu ruri hasi cyane, cyane cyane umusaruro usaba abakozi.Noneho urwego rwa mashini yo guhinga mubice byingenzi byubuhinzi rwateye imbere neza.Igipimo nogukoresha imashini zubworozi nabyo byateye imbere mugusimbuka.Mbere ya za 1980, abahinzi bororaga ingurube, inka, inkoko, inkongoro n’andi matungo n’inkoko nk’uruhande rumwe mu mibare imwe, ariko ubu urwego rwayo rwo guteza imbere imashini rurenze kure urwego rw’inzuki.

Iterambere ryogukoresha imashini zubuvumvu mugihugu cyacu
Haba ugereranije n’ubuvumvu bwateye imbere mu mahanga cyangwa ubworozi bw’inzuki bwateye imbere mu gihugu, ni nini kandi ikoresha imashini y’ubuvumvu mu gihugu cyacu ni ngombwa.

1. Gukoresha ubuvumvu ni nkenerwa mu guteza imbere inganda zinzuki
Igipimo nicyo shingiro ryiterambere ryubuhinzi no gukanika imashini ni garanti yubunini bwimbuto.
.Ikoranabuhanga rinini ryo kugaburira inzuki zo mu Bushinwa ryateye imbere cyane mu gihugu cyacu kandi n’ikoranabuhanga rinini ryo kugaburira inzuki zo mu Bushinwa ryashyizwe kuri gahunda nkuru ya Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi muri 2017. Icyakora, iri terambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku koroshya ikoranabuhanga.Iterambere rikomeje ry’ikoranabuhanga rinini ryo kugaburira inzuki rigomba gushingira ku mashini, ryabaye inzitizi y’iterambere ry’inzuki nini muri iki gihe.

. ;Iterambere mu zindi nganda rikurura abakozi bato kandi bagasiga ubuhinzi bwimbuto hamwe nabasimbuye bake, byerekana ko imashini niyo nzira yonyine igana imbere.

.Hashingiwe ku kwemeza umusaruro wose w’ubuhinzi bwinzuki, biteganijwe ko uzakemura ibibazo byubukure buke bwubuki, kwangirika kw ubuki, ubukanishi bwibanze ku mabara nibiryohe.Kugabanya ikoreshwa ryinzuki bifasha kuzamura ubuzima bwinzuki, bityo bikagabanya ikoreshwa ryimiti yinzuki kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo gusigara mubicuruzwa byinzuki.

2. Gukoresha imashini zubuvumvu byatangiye
Mu gihugu cyacu, umwanditsi yatangiye gusobanukirwa n'akamaro ko gukoresha ubuvumvu.Abenegihugu ndetse na guverinoma bitaye cyane ku ikoreshwa ry’ubuvumvu.Iterambere ry'ubukungu, siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga naryo ryashizeho urufatiro rwo gukoresha ubuvumvu.

Bamwe mu bavumvu bigenga bafashe iyambere mubushakashatsi bwimashini.Nibura hashize imyaka 8, imodoka rusange zitwara ibintu zahinduwe mumodoka idasanzwe yo gutwara inzuki.Inzugi zumutiba kumpande zombi zikinyabiziga zisohoka hanze.Nyuma yo kugera ahashyirwa inzuki, ubukoroni bwinzuki kumpande zombi ntibukeneye gupakururwa.Nyuma yuko umutiba uri hagati wapakuruwe, hashyizweho umuyoboro wo kuyobora inzuki.Imirima minini yinzuki muri Sinayi yihinduye imashini yinzuki zamashanyarazi hashize imyaka 10 kugirango ziveho inzuki mubikorwa byo gukuramo ubuki.Amashanyarazi ya Diesel yapakiwe mumodoka nto zitwara abantu kugirango zitange ingufu zinzuki zamashanyarazi mubikorwa byo gukuramo ubuki.

Basunitswe na Song Xinfang, wungirije muri Kongere y’igihugu, Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi na Minisiteri y’Imari bashyizeho politiki y’ibanze nk’inkunga y’inzuki n’imashini.Shandong, Zhejiang n'izindi ntara nazo zashyizeho ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo guteza imbere imashini y’ubuhinzi.Abakora ibinyabiziga nabo bafite uruhare mugushushanya no guhindura ibinyabiziga bidasanzwe byubuvumvu, iri hinduka nudushya twinshi, kugirango hatangwe ingwate yumutekano ku musaruro w’inzuki, ibinyabiziga by’inzuki mu bicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko.Iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga n’inganda byatanze icyerekezo cyo kuzamuka byihuse mu nganda zikora inganda, bigatuma ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’imashini z’ubuvumvu byoroha.Ibikoresho bimwe byubuvumvu bukoresha imashini zirashobora gukoresha ibicuruzwa bihari, nka forklift;Bimwe birashobora guhindurwa gato kubyara ubuvumvu, nkamakamyo afite amajyambere;Bamwe barashobora kwifashisha igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byinzuki.

Mu myaka yashize, umusaruro wa jelly ya cyami wateye imbere cyane.Igikoresho kitagira udukoko kitagira udukoko, ubwoko butandukanye bwimashini igenda yangiza udukoko hamwe nimashini isunika byateye imbere cyane.Ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga byo gutunganya imashini ya jelly ya cyami biragenda bikura.Ni nkenerwa kwibutsa inganda ko umusaruro wa jelly yumwami mugihugu cyacu uyoboye isi yose kuko umusaruro wa jele yumwami ukenera ubuhanga buhebuje ninkunga yabantu.Ibihugu byateye imbere ntibishora mu nganda zisaba akazi, kandi ibihugu byasigaye inyuma ntibyoroshye kumenya ikoranabuhanga rinini kandi rirambuye.Iyo tekinoroji yo gutunganya imashini ya jelly yumwami imaze gukura, igipimo cya jelly yumwami kiziyongera cyane mubihugu bisaba jele yumwami.Ibihugu byibanda cyane ku mirimo muri Aziya, Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo nabyo birashoboka kubyara jele yumwami no gufata isoko mpuzamahanga.Tugomba gutekereza mbere no gutegura mbere.

Igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere imashini zikoresha ubuvumvu.
Gukoresha imashini y’ubuvumvu byatangiye mu Bushinwa, kandi mu bihe biri imbere hazabaho ingorane n’ibibazo byinshi.Birakenewe gusobanura inzitizi zitandukanye, gushaka uburyo bwo guca icyuho cyiterambere, no gukomeza guteza imbere imashini zubuvumvu.

1. Isano iri hagati yubukanishi bwinzuki nubunini bwinzuki
Gukoresha ubuvumvu no guteza imbere ubuvumvu.Icyifuzo cyo gukanika ubuvumvu kiva mubipimo byubuvumvu, aho imashini zubuvumvu zidafite akamaro muri apiaries nto.Urwego rwa mashini yubuvumvu akenshi rugena urugero rwubuvumvu, kandi urwego rwinzuki rugena urugero rukenewe rwimashini.Iterambere ryimashini zinzuki zirashobora kuzamura urwego rwinzuki.Ubwiyongere bw'urwego rw'ubuvumvu bwongereye ubukanishi buhanitse, bityo biteza imbere ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'imashini z'ubuvumvu.Byombi kandi bigabanya undi, binini kuruta igipimo cy’ubuvumvu ntibishobora gushyigikirwa nisoko;Hatabayeho urwego rwohejuru rwo gushyigikira imashini, igipimo cyubworozi bwinzuki nacyo kizaba gito.

2. Kunoza tekinoroji nini yo korora inzuki
Kunoza urwego rwimashini zubuvumvu, birakenewe guhora tunoza urwego rwinzuki.Hamwe niterambere ryokugaburira kwinshi, imashini nini zinzuki zigenda zitera imbere buhoro buhoro uhereye kumashini ntoya yubuvumvu.Kugeza ubu, urwego runini rw’ubuvumvu n’ubuhinzi bw’inzuki mu gihugu cyacu ruri hasi cyane.Tugomba rero guhera ku kunoza ibikoresho no guteza imbere imashini nto kugirango dutere imbere iterambere ryimashini zinzuki kandi tuyobore icyerekezo cyiza cyiterambere cyimashini.

3. Kugaburira tekinoroji bigomba guhuzwa niterambere ryimashini
Gukoresha imashini nshya bizagira ingaruka rwose muburyo bwo kuyobora nuburyo bwa tekiniki yinzuki, cyangwa ntibizatanga umukino wuzuye kubikorwa byimashini nshya.Ikoreshwa rya buri mashini nshya rigomba guhindura uburyo bwo kuyobora nuburyo bwa tekiniki yinzuki mugihe kugirango biteze imbere iterambere rirambye ryubuvumvu.

4. Gukoresha ubuvumvu bigomba guteza imbere ubuhanga bw’ubuvumvu
Umwihariko ni inzira byanze bikunze iterambere ryinganda.Gukoresha ubuvumvu bigomba guteza imbere no kuyobora umwihariko w'ubuvumvu.Umusaruro w’inzuki wihariye ukoresheje amikoro n’ingufu nkeya, ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imashini zidasanzwe zitanga umusaruro, kumenya ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro, kugirango habeho kunoza umusaruro, nkimashini zitunganya ubuki, imashini zitanga ubwami bwa jelly, imashini zitanga inzuki zangiza, umwamikazi guhinga urukurikirane rwimashini zidasanzwe, inzuki zinzuki zikurikirana imashini zidasanzwe.