Kuyera dhigirii rekusimudzira indasitiri, tinogona kuziva kubva kune maviri maficha: imwe idanho remakanika, imwe igiredhi rezvigadzirwa.Kubva kuAngle iyi, danho rekusimudzira reChinese nyuchi indasitiri haina tarisiro.Mazuva ano nekukurumidza kusimudzira kwesainzi uye tekinoroji uye hupfumi munyika yedu, zviri zviviri zvakakosha uye zvinogoneka kuvandudza nhanho yemakanika yenyuchi nekukurumidza.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aripo ekuchengeta nyuchi munyika yedu ane shungu dzemichina
Tekinoroji yedu yekuchengeta nyuchi yakavakirwa pakushanda kwemaoko nematurusi ari nyore uye pasina michina.Iyi nzira yekugadzira nyuchi inounza nhevedzano yematambudziko ebudiriro yekuchengeta nyuchi.
1. Michina yekuchengeta nyuchi kazhinji inodzokera kumashure
Kushaikwa kwemichina kunoganhura mwero wechiyero cheapiyari.Vapfuri venyuchi vanoedza kuwana nyuchi dzakawanda muboka diki kuburikidza nekushanda kunorema kwemuviri nepfungwa, zvichikonzera kuderera kwehutano hwenyuchi, husina kunaka hwezvigadzirwa zvenyuchi, kuderera kwehupfumi uye kusagadzikana.Vamwe vari muindastiri vanodada nehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji inotibvumira kutora chigadzirwa chakawandisa kubva mumakoroni mashoma, uye kuramba tichitsvaga tekinoroji inotibvumira kuwedzera goho remakoroni ega.
(1) Zvidiki uye kusashanda zvakanaka: Avhareji yenhamba yekusimudza nyuchi munyika yedu yakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura, uye chiyero cheavhareji yeapiaries yehunyanzvi inosimudza 80 kusvika kumapoka zana.Zvisinei, mukaha wacho uchiri mukuru zvikuru kana uchienzaniswa nenyika dzakabudirira, dzakadai seUnited States, Canada nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, nhamba huru pamunhu mumwe chete yevanhu vaviri vanosimudza mombe 30 000.Maapiaries mazhinji munyika medu akaremerwa nekushanda kwevashandi uye kushanda nesimba uye nharaunda yekugara, mari yepagore ye50,000 kusvika 100,000 yuan, uye mari inotambirwa haina kugadzikana, kazhinji inotarisana nenjodzi yekurasikirwa.
(2) Chirwere chakakomba: Nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kwechiyero chekuchengeta nyuchi, mari yeapiary mumakoroni enyuchi inoderera zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye kuwanikwa kwenyuchi nyuchi kuchawedzera zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.Somugumisiro, hutano hwese hwenyuchi hunoderera, uye nyuchi dzenyuchi dzinowanzoita zvirwere.Vazhinji varimi vanovimba nemishonga chete kugadzirisa zvirwere zvenyuchi, zvichiwedzera njodzi yemishonga inosara muzvigadzirwa zvenyuchi.
2. Mwero wakaderera wemichina
Kusimukira kwemakina munyika yedu kwakadzikira, uye hakuenderane nebudiriro yeupfumi, sainzi nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira michina munyika yedu.Mumakore achangopfuura, vamwe vanhu vakachenjera muindasitiri vakatanga kuona dambudziko iri, uye vakaedza nesimba mukusimbaradza michina yekuchengeta nyuchi.
Mukutanga kwema1980, apo nyika yaamai yakaisa mberi "Mana emazuva ano", chizvarwa chekare chevapfuri nyuchi vakaisa sirogani ye mechanization yekuchengeta nyuchi, uye vakaita ongororo yemagetsi muzvikamu zvemotokari dzakakosha dzekuchengeta nyuchi.Iyo mechanization level yeapiary yakawanda yemunda munyika yedu haisati yasimudzwa, uye ichiri muzera re "zvombo zvinotonhora" senge scraper, apiary brush, chiutsi chinoputira, huchi cutter, huchi rocker, nezvimwe.
Apiculture, seindasitiri mumunda wezvekurima, ine mukaha mukuru pakati pemichina yekuvandudza kwayo uye yekudyara nekuberekesa.Kubva pamakore makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana apfuura, kurima kwakakura uye nhanho yekurima munyika yedu yakaderera zvakanyanya, kunyanya kugadzirwa kwakanyanya.Ikozvino huwandu hwemakina hwekudyara munzvimbo huru dzekurima hwakakura zvakanaka.Huyero uye mashandisirwo ezvipfuyo zvakagadziridzwa zvakare nekusvetuka-svetuka.Makore ekuma1980 asati asvika, varimi vaipfuya nguruve, mhou, huku, madhadha nezvimwe zvipfuyo nehuku senzira yekuisa parutivi munhamba imwe chete, asi iko zvino mwero wayo wekugadzira michina wapfuura nekure weindasitiri yenyuchi.
Mafambiro ebudiriro yemakina ekuchengeta nyuchi munyika yedu
Kunyangwe tichienzanisa nekupfuya nyuchi dzakasimukira mhiri kwemakungwa kana indasitiri yekupfuya nyuchi mudzimba, hukuru uye michina yekuchengeta nyuchi munyika yedu zvakakosha.
1. Michina yekuchengeta nyuchi kudiwa kwekusimudzira indasitiri yenyuchi
Scale ndiyo hwaro hwekusimudzira apiculture uye mechanization ndiyo vimbiso yehukuru hweapiculture.
(1) Kudiwa kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji mukurera kukuru kwenyuchi: chiyero chinhu chinowanzoitika chemazuva ano kugadzirwa kwakawanda, uye maindasitiri ane bhenefiti shoma asina chiyero anozodzikira.Iyo tekinoroji yakakura yekudyisa nyuchi dzeChinese yakafambira mberi zvikuru munyika yedu uye tekinoroji yakakura yekudyisa nyuchi dzeChinese yakanyorwa muchirongwa chikuru cheMinistry of Agriculture muna 2017. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakavakirwa pazviri nyore. tekinoroji yekushandisa.Iko kuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekudya kwenyuchi kwakakura kunoda kuvimba nemichina, iyo yave bhodhoro rekukura kukuru kwekudya kwenyuchi parizvino.
(2) Deredza simba rekushanda: Special plan ye mechanization muna February 2018 hot spot inotarisa kuChina's apiculture 25 degree low, zvichiita kuti kupfuya nyuchi kwave indasitiri yakaoma uye ine mari shoma, vapfuri venyuchi nekukura kwezera, simba remuviri harichakwanisi kuchengeta nyuchi. ;Kubudirira mune mamwe maindasitiri kuri kukwezva vashandi vechidiki uye kusiya apiculture isina vatevedzeri vashoma, zvichiratidza kuti michina ndiyo chete nzira yekufambira mberi.
(3) Zvinobatsira kuvandudza kunaka kweuchi: kunatsurudzwa kwemichina kunobatsira kuwedzera chiyero chekupfuya nyuchi uye kuderedza dzvinyiriro yevachengeti venyuchi yedivi rimwe rekutsvaga goho rimwe chete.Pasi pechikonzero chekuvimbisa goho rose rekurima nyuchi, zvinotarisirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuderera kwehuchi, kuora kwekuvirisa kwehuchi, mechanical concentration pane pesvedzero yeruvara uye kunaka.Kuderedza kushandiswa kwenyuchi kunobatsira kuvandudza hutano hwenyuchi, nokudaro kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yenyuchi uye kuderedza dambudziko rekusara muzvigadzirwa zvenyuchi.
2. Kuchengeta nyuchi kwatanga
Munyika medu munyori atanga kuona kukosha uye kudiwa kwekushandiswa kwemichina yekuchengeta nyuchi.Vehurumende nevehurumende vakambotarisa kupfuya nyuchi nemichina.Kusimukira kweupfumi, sainzi neruzivo rwemichina zvakare kunoisa hwaro hwemakina ekupfuya nyuchi.
Vamwe vachengeti nyuchi vakazvimiririra vakatungamira mukuongorora zvine michina.Makore masere apfuura, mota dzekutakura zvinhu dzakashandurwa kuita mota dzakakosha kutakura nyuchi.Magonhi emukoko kumativi ose emotokari anobudiswa kunze.Mushure mokusvika panzvimbo yekuisa nyuchi, nyuchi dzenyuchi kumativi ose hadzidi kubudiswa.Mushure mekunge mukoko uri pakati waburutswa, nzira yekutungamira yeboka renyuchi inoumbwa.Mapurazi makuru enyuchi muXinjiang anofuridzira nyuchi emagetsi makore gumi apfuura kuti awane kubviswa kwemakanika kwenyuchi mumabasa ekuchera uchi.Majenareta edhiziri anotakurwa pamotokari diki dzekutakura kuti ape simba kune vanofuridza nyuchi dzemagetsi mumabasa ekuchera uchi mumunda.
Vachisundidzirwa naSong Xinfang, mutevedzeri weNational People's Congress, Bazi rezvekurima neBazi reMari vakaunza marongero akasarudzika akadai serubatsiro rwenyuchi nemichina.Shandong, Zhejiang nemamwe matunhu akagadzirawo mamwe matanho ekusimudzira mechanization yeapiculture.Vagadziri vemotokari vari kushandawo mukugadzira uye kugadziridzwa kwekuchengeta nyuchi mota dzakakosha, kugadziridzwa uku kutsva kukuru, kupa vimbiso yekuchengetedza nyuchi kugadzira, kuchengeta nyuchi dzakakosha mota muzvigadzirwa zvepamutemo.Kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hweChinese, sainzi uye tekinoroji uye maindasitiri kwakapa hwaro hwekukurumidza kukura kweindasitiri yekugadzira, izvo zvinoita kuti kutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemichina yekuchengeta nyuchi kuve nyore.Mimwe michina yekuchengeta nyuchi inogona kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvagara zviripo, zvakaita seforklift;Mamwe anogona kuvandudzwa zvishoma kuti apfuye nyuchi, semarori ane boom;Vamwe vanogona kureva magadzirirwo emisimboti yekuchengeta nyuchi.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa nemichina yeroyal jelly kwakafambira mberi zvikuru.Iyo isina zvipembenene pulping mudziyo, mhando dzakasiyana dzechipembenene-chinofamba muchina uye pulping muchina wafambira mberi zvikuru.Midziyo uye tekinoroji yekugadzirwa kwemakanika yeroyal jelly iri kuramba ichikura.Izvo zvinodikanwa kuyeuchidza indasitiri kuti kugadzirwa kweroyal jelly munyika yedu kuri kutungamira munyika nekuti kugadzirwa kweroyal jelly kunoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye rutsigiro rwevanhu.Nyika dzakasimukira hadzipindire mumaindasitiri anoshandisa vanhu vakawanda, uye nyika dzakadzokera kumashure hadzisi nyore kugona tekinoroji yekugadzira pulp yakaoma uye yakadzama.Kana tekinoroji yekugadzira michina yeroyal jelly yakura, chiyero chekugadzirwa kweroyal jelly chichawedzerwa zvakanyanya munyika dzinoda royal jelly.Nyika dzinoshanda zvakanyanya muAsia, Africa neLatin America dzinogonawo kugadzira royal jelly uye kubata musika wepasi rose.Tinofanira kufanofunga toronga pachine nguva.
Pfungwa yekusimudzira nyuchi munyika yedu.
Michina yekuchengeta nyuchi ichangotanga kuChina, uye kuchave nekuomerwa nematambudziko akawanda mune ramangwana.Zvakakosha kujekesa zvimhingamipinyi zvakasiyana-siyana, kutsvaga nzira dzekupaza bhodhoro rebudiriro, uye kuenderera mberi nekusimudzira kushandiswa kwemichina yekuchengeta nyuchi.
1. Hukama huripo pakati pekuchengeta nyuchi nechikero chekuchengeta nyuchi
Kuchengeta nyuchi nekusimudzirwa kwechiyero chekuchengeta nyuchi.Kudiwa kwemichina yekuchengeta nyuchi kunobva pachiyero chekuchengeta nyuchi, uko michina yekuchengeta nyuchi isingabatsiri mumaapiyari madiki.Kuchengeta nyuchi kwemichina ndiko kunowanzo tara chiyero chekuchengeta nyuchi, uye chiyero chekuchengeta nyuchi ndicho chinotaridza dhigirii yezvinodiwa zvemichina.Kugadzirwa kwemichina yekuchengeta nyuchi kunogona kuvandudza mwero wekuchengeta nyuchi.Kuwedzera kwechikero chekuchengeta nyuchi kwawedzera kudiwa kwemichina yepamusoro, nokudaro zvichikurudzira tsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwemichina yekuchengeta nyuchi.Izvo zviviri zvakare zvinoganhurirana, zvakakura kupfuura mwero wekuchengeta nyuchi hazvigone kutsigirwa nemusika;Pasina mwero wepamusoro werutsigiro rwemuchina, chiyero chekurima nyuchi chinozoganhurwawo.
2. Kuvandudza ruzivo rwakakura rwekupfuya nyuchi
Kuti upfuure nyuchi, zvakakosha kuti urambe uchivandudza chiyero chekuchengeta nyuchi.Nekugadzirwa kwekudya kukuru, michina yakakura yekuchengeta nyuchi inogadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mumichina midiki yekuchengeta nyuchi.Parizvino, mwero mukuru wekupfuya nyuchi nekushandisa michina munyika yedu wakadzikira zvikuru.Naizvozvo, tinofanira kutanga kubva pakuvandudza maturusi nekugadzira michina midiki yekusundira mberi kuvandudzwa kwemichina yekuchengeta nyuchi uye kutungamira nzira yekusimudzira yekugadzira.
3. Kudyisa tekinoroji kunofanirwa kuchinjirwa kune kuvandudzwa kwemichina
Iko kushandiswa kwemuchina mutsva kuchakanganisa manejimendi maitiro uye tekinoroji maitiro enyuchi, kana kuti haizopi kutamba kwakazara kune basa remuchina mutsva.Kushandiswa kwemuchina wega wega mutsva kunofanirwa kugadzirisa manejimendi uye maitiro ehunyanzvi hwenyuchi nenguva kusimudzira kufambira mberi kwakasimba kwehunyanzvi hwekuchengeta nyuchi.
4. Michina yekuchengeta nyuchi inofanirwa kukurudzira hunyanzvi hwekuchengeta nyuchi
Specialization inzira isingadzivisiki yekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri.Michina yekuchengeta nyuchi inofanirwa kusimudzira nekutungamira hunyanzvi hwekuchengeta nyuchi.Kugadzira nyuchi kwakasarudzika uchishandisa zviwanikwa uye simba shoma, kutsvagisa nekuvandudza michina yekugadzira yakakosha, tenzi tekinoroji yekugadzira chigadzirwa, kuitira kuti uvandudze hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, senge uchi hwakateerana michina yekugadzira, royal jelly nhevedzano yekugadzira michina, nyuchi pollen inoteedzera michina yekugadzira, mambokadzi. kurima dzakatevedzana dzakakosha michina, keji nyuchi kugadzira dzakatevedzana inokosha michina.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-10-2023