Ukulinganisa iqondo lophuhliso lweshishini, sinokuqaphela kwimiba emibini: enye inqanaba lomatshini, enye ibakala lemveliso.Ukusuka kule Angle, inqanaba lophuhliso loshishino lweenyosi zaseTshayina alinathemba.Kule mihla ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi kunye nethekhnoloji kunye noqoqosho kwilizwe lethu, kuyafuneka kwaye kuyenzeka ukuba kuphuculwe inqanaba lomatshini weenyosi ngokukhawuleza.
Imeko yangoku yokuveliswa kweenyosi kwilizwe lethu ilangazelela oomatshini
Itekhnoloji yethu yokugcina iinyosi isekelwe ekusebenzeni ngesandla ngokupheleleyo kunye nezixhobo ezilula kwaye akukho matshini.Le ndlela yokuvelisa izisa uthotho lweengxaki kuphuhliso lokufuya iinyosi.
1. Itekhnoloji yokugcinwa kweenyosi iqhele umva
Ukunqongophala koomatshini kunciphisa inqanaba leapiary.Abafuyi beenyosi bazama ukufumana iimveliso ezininzi zeenyosi kwikoloni elilinganiselweyo ngokusebenza kanzima ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwempilo yekoloni, umgangatho ophantsi weemveliso zeenyosi, iinzuzo eziphantsi kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungazinzi.Abanye kwishishini bayaziqhenya ngobuchwephesha obuvumela ukuba sikhuphe imveliso engaphezulu kwiikholoni ezimbalwa, kwaye siqhubeke nokulandela itekhnoloji evumela ukuba sinyuse ngakumbi isivuno samakholoni ngamanye.
(1) Izinga elincinci kunye nokusebenza kakubi: Umyinge wenani lokunyusa iinyosi kwilizwe lethu liye landa kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye umyinge we-apiary yobungcali uphakamisa amaqela angama-80 ukuya kwi-100.Nangona kunjalo, umsantsa usemkhulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo, anjenge-United States, iKhanada kunye namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, elona nani likhulu lomntu ngamnye labantu ababini abakhulisa imfuyo engama-30,000.Uninzi lweeapiary kwilizwe lethu zigcwele igalelo labasebenzi kunye nokusebenza nzima kunye nokusingqongileyo, umvuzo wonyaka we-50,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 ye-yuan, kwaye umvuzo awuzinzile, uhlala ujongene nomngcipheko welahleko.
(2) Isifo esibi kakhulu: Ngenxa yokunciphisa isikali sokufuya iinyosi, utyalo-mali lwe-apiary kwiikholoni zeenyosi luya kuncipha kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ukufunyanwa kwee-bee colonies kuya kwanda ngokusemandleni.Ngenxa yoko, impilo yonke yeekholoni zeenyosi iphantsi, kwaye iikholoni zeenyosi zixhomekeke kwizifo.Uninzi lwamafama luthembele kuphela kumachiza ukujongana nezifo zezinyosi, ukwandisa umngcipheko weentsalela zeziyobisi kwiimveliso zeenyosi.
2. Umgangatho ophantsi womatshini
Izinga lophuhliso lokusetyenziswa koomatshini kwilizwe lethu liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye alihambelani nenqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho, inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe kunye nokuveliswa koomatshini kwilizwe lethu.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abanye abantu abalumkileyo kweli shishini baqala ukuyiqonda le ngxaki, kwaye benza imizamo enzima ekomelezeni umatshini wokufuya iinyosi.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1980, xa i-motherland ibeka phambili "i-modernizations emine", isizukulwana esidala sabafuyi beenyosi sabeka phambili isilogeni soomatshini bokufuya iinyosi, kwaye baqhuba uphando ngoomatshini kwimiba yezithuthi ezikhethekileyo zokufuya iinyosi.Inqanaba lokusetyenziswa koomatshini kwezona ndawo zininzi kwilizwe lethu alikanyuswa, kwaye lisekwiminyaka “yezixhobo ezibandayo” ezinje nge-scraper, ibrashi ye-apiary, i-spe blower, i-honey cutter, i-honey rocker, njl.
I-Apiculture, njengeshishini kwicandelo lezolimo, inomsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwenqanaba lophuhliso loomatshini kunye nelokutyalwa kunye nokuzala.Ukusukela kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 eyadlulayo, umgangatho omkhulu wezolimo kunye nowomatshini kwilizwe lethu uphantsi kakhulu, ingakumbi imveliso efuna abasebenzi abaninzi.Ngoku inqanaba lokutyala ngoomatshini kwiindawo eziphambili zezolimo liphuhle kakuhle kakhulu.Isikali kunye nokusetyenziswa koomatshini bokufuya izilwanyana nako kuphuhliswe ngokutsiba nemida.Phambi kweminyaka yoo 1980s, amafama afuye iihagu, iinkomo, iinkukhu, amadada kunye neminye imfuyo kunye neenkukhu njengento esecaleni kwidijithi enye, kodwa ngoku inqanaba lophuhliso lobuchwephesha ligqithise kakhulu elo leshishini leenyosi.
Umkhwa wophuhliso wogcino lweenyosi ngoomatshini kwilizwe lethu
Nokuba kuthelekiswa nophuhliso lweenyosi oluphuhlileyo lwaphesheya okanye ishishini lokugcina iinyosi eliphuhlileyo lasekhaya, ubungakanani obukhulu kunye nomatshini wokufuywa kweenyosi kwilizwe lethu kubalulekile.
1. Ukwenziwa koomatshini bokufuya iinyosi yimfuneko yophuhliso loshishino lweenyosi
Isikali sisiseko sophuhliso lwe apiculture kunye noomatshini sisiqinisekiso somlinganiselo we apiculture.
(1) Isidingo senkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe ekuzalweni kweenyosi ezinkulu: isikali siyinto eqhelekileyo yemveliso yanamhlanje, kwaye amashishini aphantsi-inzuzo ngaphandle kwesikali agwetyelwe ukuhla.Itekhnoloji enkulu yokutya iinyosi zaseTshayina yenze inkqubela phambili enkulu kwilizwe lethu kwaye itekhnoloji enkulu yokutya iinyosi zaseTshayina idweliswe kwisicwangciso esiphambili soMphathiswa wezoLimo ngo-2017. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe isekelwe kwindlela elula. iteknoloji yokusebenza.Inkqubela phambili yeteknoloji yokutya kweenyosi ezinkulu kufuneka ithembele kumatshini, oye waba yibhodlela yophuhliso lweenyosi ezinkulu ngoku.
(2) Ukunciphisa ukuqina kwabasebenzi: Isicwangciso esikhethekileyo somatshini ngoFebruwari 2018 kugxilwe kwindawo eshushu kwi-apiculture yaseChina i-25 degree ephantsi, okubangelwa ukufuya iinyosi kuye kwaba ngumsebenzi onzima kunye nomvuzo ophantsi, abafuyi beenyosi kunye nokukhula kweminyaka, amandla omzimba akakwazi ukukwazi ukufuya iinyosi. ;Uphuhliso kwamanye amashishini lutsala abasebenzi abasebatsha kwaye lushiya i-apiculture inabalandeli abambalwa, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umatshini kuphela kwendlela eya phambili.
(3) Kuluncedo ukuphucula umgangatho wobusi: ukuphuculwa komgangatho wokusebenzisa oomatshini kuluncedo ekwandiseni isikali sokuzala kweenyosi nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwabafuyi beenyosi ukufuna icala elinye lokufumana isivuno esinye.Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa isivuno esipheleleyo sefama yeenyosi, kulindeleke ukuba isombulule iingxaki zokuvuthwa okuphantsi kobusi, ukuwohloka kwegwele lobusi, ukugxilwa komatshini kwimpembelelo yombala kunye nencasa.Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweenyosi kunceda ekuphuculeni impilo yezinyosi, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zeenyosi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokushiyeka kwiimveliso zeenyosi.
2. Ugcino lweenyosi luqalisile
Kwilizwe lethu, umbhali sele eqalisile ukuqonda ukubaluleka kunye nemfuneko yomatshini wokufuya iinyosi.Bobabini urhulumente norhulumente banike ingqwalaselo ethile kumatshini wokufuya iinyosi.Uphuhliso loqoqosho, inzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe lukwabeka isiseko sokusetyenziswa koomatshini bokugcinwa kweenyosi.
Abanye abafuyi beenyosi babucala bakhokela ekuhloleni ngoomatshini.Ubuncinci iminyaka eyi-8 edlulileyo, iimoto zomthwalo jikelele zaguqulwa zaba zizithuthi ezikhethekileyo zokuthwala iinyosi.Iingcango ze-hive kumacala omabini esithuthi zikhutshelwa ngaphandle.Emva kokufika kwindawo yokubeka iinyosi, iikholoni zeenyosi kumacala omabini azidingi ukuthululwa.Emva kokuba i-hive embindini ikhutshwe, ijelo lokulawula ikholoni yeenyosi liyenziwa.Iifama ezinkulu zeenyosi e-Xinjiang ii-self-modified electric bee blowers kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo ukuphumeza ukususwa ngomatshini kwiinyosi kwimisebenzi yokukhupha ubusi.Iijenereyitha ze-diesel zilayishwa kwiinqwelo ezincinci zokuthutha ukubonelela amandla ombane weenyosi zombane kwimisebenzi yokukhutshwa kobusi.
Etyhalwe nguSong Xinfang, usekela kwiNkongolo yeSizwe yaBantu, iSebe lezoLimo kunye neSebe lezeMali lazisa imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethiweyo efana nenkxaso yeenyosi kunye noomatshini.I-Shandong, i-Zhejiang kunye namanye amaphondo aye aqulunqa amanyathelo athile okukhuthaza ukucwangciswa kwe-apiculture.Abavelisi beemoto baphinde basebenze ekuqulunqweni nasekuguquleni izithuthi ezikhethekileyo zokufuya iinyosi, oku kuguqulwa yinto entsha enkulu, ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko kwimveliso yokugcinwa kwezinyosi, ukufuya izithuthi ezikhethekileyo kwiimveliso ezisemthethweni.Uphuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina, inzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye noshishino lunike isiseko sokukhula ngokukhawuleza kweshishini lemveliso, okwenza ukuba uphando kunye nophuhliso loomatshini bokugcina iinyosi kube lula.Ezinye izixhobo zokugcinwa kweenyosi ezinoomatshini zinokusebenzisa iimveliso esele zikhona, ezifana ne-forklift;Ezinye zinokuguqulwa kancinci kwimveliso yokufuya iinyosi, ezifana neelori ezine-boom;Abanye banokubhekisa kumgaqo woyilo lomatshini wezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokugcina iinyosi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuveliswa koomatshini bejeli yasebukhosini kuye kwanenkqubela enkulu.Isixhobo se-pulping esingenazinambuzane, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomatshini ohambisa inambuzane kunye nomatshini wokucofa wenze inkqubela phambili enkulu.Izixhobo kunye netekhnoloji yokuveliswa komatshini wejeli yasebukhosini iya ikhula ngakumbi.Kuyimfuneko ukukhumbuza ishishini ukuba ukuveliswa kwejeli yasebukhosini kwilizwe lethu kukhokelela kwihlabathi ngenxa yokuba ukuveliswa kwejeli yasebukhosini kufuna izakhono eziphezulu kunye nenkxaso yabantu.Amazwe ahambele phambili akabandakanyeki kwimizi-mveliso efuna abasebenzi abaninzi, yaye amazwe asemva akulula ukuba abe nolwazi ngobugcisa obuntsonkothileyo nobuneenkcukacha zokuvelisa ipulp.Xa iteknoloji yokuvelisa ijeli yasebukhosini ikhulile, isikali semveliso yeroyal jelly siya kwandiswa kakhulu kumazwe afuna ijeli yasebukhosini.Amazwe anomsebenzi omninzi e-Asiya, e-Afrika naseLatin America nawo kunokwenzeka ukuba avelise ijeli yasebukhosini kwaye athimbe imakethi yamazwe ngamazwe.Kufuneka sicinge kwangaphambili kwaye sicebe kwangaphambili.
Umbono wophuhliso lwelizwe lethu lokufuya iinyosi.
Ukwenziwa koomatshini bokufuya iinyosi sele kuqalile e-China, kwaye kuya kubakho ubunzima kunye neengxaki ezininzi kwixesha elizayo.Kuyimfuneko ukucacisa izithintelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukufumana iindlela zokuqhawula i-bottleneck yophuhliso, kwaye uqhubeke nokukhuthaza umatshini wokufuya iinyosi.
1. Ubudlelwane phakathi kogcino lweenyosi kunye nesikali sokugcina iinyosi
Ukugcinwa kweenyosi ngoomatshini kunye nophuhliso lwesikali sokugcina iinyosi.Imfuno yoomatshini bokugcina iinyosi ivela kwisikali sokufuya iinyosi, apho oomatshini bokugcina iinyosi bengenalo ncedo kwiiapiary ezincinci.Inqanaba lokugcinwa kweenyosi ngoomatshini lidla ngokumisela iqondo lesikali sofuyo lweenyosi, kwaye umgangatho wokugcinwa kweenyosi umisela iqondo lemfuno yobuchwephesha.Ukuphuhliswa komatshini wokugcinwa kweenyosi kunokuphucula umgangatho wokugcinwa kweenyosi.Ukwanda kwinqanaba lokugcinwa kweenyosi kunyuse imfuneko yokusetyenziswa koomatshini okuphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthazwa uphando kunye nophuhliso loomatshini bokugcina iinyosi.Ezi zimbini ziphinde zithintele enye kwenye, inkulu kunomlinganiselo wemfuno yokufuya iinyosi ayinakuxhaswa yimarike;Ngaphandle kwenqanaba eliphezulu lenkxaso yomatshini, isikali sokufuya iinyosi siya kulinganiselwa.
2. Ukuphucula ubuchwephesha bokuzala kweenyosi
Ukuphucula umgangatho wokugcinwa kweenyosi ngoomatshini, kuyimfuneko ukuqhubeka nokuphucula umgangatho wokugcinwa kweenyosi.Ngokuphuhliswa kokutya okukhulu, oomatshini abakhulu beenyosi baphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka koomatshini abancinci bokugcina iinyosi.Okwangoku, inqanaba elikhulu lokufuya iinyosi kunye nenqanaba lomatshini kwilizwe lethu liphantsi kakhulu.Ke ngoko, kufuneka siqale ekuphuculeni izixhobo kunye nokuphuhlisa oomatshini abancinci ukutyhala phambili uphuhliso lomatshini wokufuya iinyosi kwaye bakhokele ulwalathiso oluchanekileyo lophuhliso lomatshini.
3. Itekhnoloji yokutya kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nophuhliso lomatshini
Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini abatsha ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuchaphazela imo yolawulo kunye nemowudi yobugcisa beenyosi, okanye ayiyi kunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima yomatshini omtsha.Ukusetyenziswa komatshini omtsha ngamnye kufuneka kuhlengahlengise indlela yolawulo kunye nemowudi yobugcisa beenyosi kwangethuba ukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili ezinzileyo yeteknoloji yokugcinwa kweenyosi.
4. Ukugcinwa kweenyosi ngoomatshini kufuneka kukhuthaze ubungcali bokufuywa kweenyosi
Ubungcali yindlela engenakuthintelwa yophuhliso lwamashishini.Ukugcinwa kweenyosi ngoomatshini kufuneka kukhuthaze kwaye kukhokele ubungcali bokugcina iinyosi.Ukuveliswa kweenyosi ezikhethekileyo usebenzisa izibonelelo ezilinganiselweyo kunye namandla, uphando kunye nophuhliso koomatshini bemveliso ekhethekileyo, iteknoloji yemveliso yemveliso, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, njengoomatshini bemveliso yobusi, oomatshini bokuvelisa ijeli yasebukhosini, oomatshini bokuvelisa i-bee pollen, ukumkanikazi. ukulima series oomatshini ezizodwa, yehoriji beemveliso series oomatshini ezizodwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-10-2023