Ukuze silinganise izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, singakwazi ukubona ezicini ezimbili: eyodwa izinga lemishini, enye izinga lemikhiqizo.Kusukela kule Angle, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezinyosi zaseShayina alinalo ithemba.Namuhla ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nomnotho ezweni lakithi, kudingekile futhi kuyenzeka ukuthuthukisa izinga lemishini yezinyosi ngokushesha.
Isimo samanje sokukhiqizwa kwezinyosi ezweni lethu silangazelela imishini
Ubuchwepheshe bethu bokufuywa kwezinyosi busekelwe ekusebenzeni ngezandla ngokuphelele ngamathuluzi alula futhi akukho mishini.Le ndlela yokukhiqiza iletha uchungechunge lwezinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kokufuywa kwezinyosi.
1. Ubuchwepheshe bokufuywa kwezinyosi ngokuvamile bubuyela emuva
Ukushoda kwemishini kukhawulela izinga lesikali se-apiary.Abafuyi bezinyosi balwela ukuthola imikhiqizo eminingi yezinyosi endaweni elinganiselwe ngokusebenza kanzima ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, okuholela ekwehleni kwempilo yekoloni, izinga elibi lemikhiqizo yezinyosi, izinzuzo eziphansi zezomnotho kanye nokungazinzi.Abanye embonini baziqhenya ngobumpumputhe ngobuchwepheshe obusivumela ukuthi sikhiphe umkhiqizo oweqile kumakholoni ambalwa, futhi siqhubeke nokuphishekela ubuchwepheshe obusivumela ukuthi sikhulise isivuno samakoloni ngamanye.
(1) Izinga elincane kanye nokusebenza kahle okungekuhle: Isilinganiso senani lokufuya izinyosi ezweni lakithi senyukile eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi isilinganiso esimaphakathi sezinyosi ezichwepheshile siphakamisa amaqembu angama-80 kuye kwayi-100.Nokho, igebe liselikhulu kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile, anjenge-United States, iCanada namanye amazwe athuthukile, okuyisibalo esikhulu kakhulu somuntu ngamunye sabantu ababili abakhulisa imihlambi engu-30,000.Iningi lama-apiary ezweni lakithi ligcwele kakhulu umsebenzi kanye nemvelo yokusebenza kanzima neyokuphila, imali engenayo yonyaka engama-yuan angu-50,000 kuya ku-100,000, futhi imali engenayo ayizinzile, ngokuvamile ibhekana nengozi yokulahlekelwa.
(2) Isifo esibi kakhulu: Ngenxa yomkhawulo wezinga lokufuywa kwezinyosi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwendawo yezinyosi kuzokwehla ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ukutholwa kwamakoloni ezinyosi kuzokhula ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngenxa yalokho, impilo yonke yezinyosi zezinyosi iphansi, futhi izinyosi zezinyosi zivame ukugula.Abalimi abaningi bathembele kuphela emithini yokubhekana nezifo zezinyosi, okwandisa ingozi yezinsalela zezidakamizwa emikhiqizweni yezinyosi.
2. Izinga eliphansi lemishini
Izinga lokuthuthuka kokusebenza kwemishini yokufuywa kwezinyosi ezweni lakithi liphansi kakhulu, futhi alihambisani nezinga lokuthuthuka komnotho, isayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini ezweni lakithi.Eminyakeni yamuva, abanye abantu abahlakaniphile embonini baqala ukuqaphela le nkinga, futhi benza imizamo enzima ekuqiniseni imishini yokufuya izinyosi.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, lapho i-motherland ibeka phambili "i-Modernizations Ene", isizukulwane esidala sabafuyi bezinyosi sabeka phambili isiqubulo sokusebenzisa imishini yokufuya izinyosi, futhi senza ukuhlola kwemishini ezicini zezimoto ezikhethekile zokufuya izinyosi.Izinga lemishini yezindawo eziningi zezinyosi ezweni lethu alikakakhushulwa, futhi lisasele eminyakeni “yezikhali ezibandayo” njenge-scraper, ibhulashi lezinyoni, i-smoe blower, i-honey cutter, i-honey rocker, njll.
I-Apiculture, njengemboni emkhakheni wezolimo, inegebe elikhulu phakathi kwezinga layo lokuthuthuka kwemishini kanye nelokutshala nokuzalanisa.Kusukela eminyakeni engama-30 kuya kwengama-40 edlule, izinga lezolimo elikhulu kanye nemishini yokulima ezweni lakithi liphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa okudinga abasebenzi.Manje izinga lokutshala ngemishini ezindaweni zokulima selithuthuke kahle kakhulu.Izinga kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kokufuywa kwezilwane nakho kuthuthukiswe ngokweqa kanye nemingcele.Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1980, abalimi babefuye izingulube, izinkomo, izinkukhu, amadada kanye nezinye imfuyo nezinkukhu njengengxenye yedijithi eyodwa, kodwa manje izinga layo lokuthuthukiswa kwemishini selidlule kude lelo lemboni yezinyosi.
Ukuthuthuka komkhuba wokufuywa kwezinyosi ngemishini ezweni lethu
Ukuthi uma uqhathanisa nokufuywa kwezinyosi okuthuthukile phesheya kwezilwandle noma imboni yokufuywa kwezinyosi ethuthukile yasekhaya, ukufuywa kwezinyosi ngomshini omkhulu ezweni lethu kubalulekile.
1. Imishini yokufuya izinyosi isidingo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezinyosi
Isikali siyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-apiculture kanye nemishini iyisiqinisekiso sesikali se-apiculture.
(1) Isidingo senqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe ekuzalweni kwezinyosi ngezinga elikhulu: isikali siyisici esivamile sokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwesimanje, futhi izimboni ezinenzuzo ephansi ngaphandle kwesikali zizokwehla.Ubuchwepheshe bokudla obukhulu bezinyosi zaseShayina buye benza inqubekelaphambili enkulu ezweni lakithi futhi ubuchwepheshe bokudla obukhulu bezinyosi zaseShayina bufakwe ohlwini lwezinhlelo eziyinhloko zoMnyango Wezolimo ngo-2017. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kusekelwe ekwenzeni lula. ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza.Inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bokuphakela izinyosi ngesilinganiso esikhulu idinga ukuncika emishinini, osekuyibhodlela lentuthuko yokudla kwezinyosi ezinkulu njengamanje.
(2) Yehlisa izinga labasebenzi: Uhlelo olukhethekile lwemishini ngo-February 2018 hot spot focus on China's apiculture 25 degree low, okuholela ekufuyweni kwezinyosi sekuyimboni enzima futhi engenayo imali ephansi, abafuyi bezinyosi ngokukhula kweminyaka, amandla omzimba awasakwazi ukukhokhela ukufuya izinyosi. ;Intuthuko kwezinye izimboni iheha abasebenzi abasebasha futhi ishiya i-apiculture inabalandeli abambalwa, okufakazela ukuthi ukusebenzisa imishini ukuphela kwendlela eya phambili.
(3) Kuyasiza ukwenza ngcono izinga loju: ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokusebenzisa imishini kuyasiza ekwandiseni izinga lokuzalanisa izinyosi kanye nokunciphisa ukucindezela kwabafuyi bezinyosi ukuphishekela uhlangothi olulodwa lwesivuno sesivuno esisodwa.Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa isivuno esiphelele sepulazi lezinyosi, kulindeleke ukuthi kuxazululwe izinkinga zokuvuthwa okuphansi koju, ukuwohloka kokuvutshelwa kwezinyosi, ukuhlushwa kwemishini ethonyeni lombala kanye ne-flavour.Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinyosi kusiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yezinyosi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zezinyosi futhi kunciphise ingozi yezinsalela emikhiqizweni yezinyosi.
2. Imishini yokufuya izinyosi isiqalile
Ezweni lakithi umbhali useqalile ukubona ukubaluleka kanye nesidingo semishini yokufuya izinyosi.Bobabili ohulumeni nohulumeni baye banaka indlela yokufuya izinyosi ngemishini.Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, isayensi nobuchwepheshe nakho kwenza isisekelo sokusebenza kwemishini yokufuya izinyosi.
Abanye abafuyi bezinyosi abazimele bahola ekuhloleni ngemishini.Okungenani eminyakeni engu-8 edlule, izimoto ezithwala impahla ezijwayelekile zaguqulwa zaba izimoto ezikhethekile ezithwala izinyosi.Iminyango yesidleke ezinhlangothini zombili zemoto ikhishelwa ngaphandle.Ngemva kokufika endaweni yokubeka izinyosi, amakoloni ezinyosi ezinhlangothini zombili akudingeki ukuba akhululwe.Ngemuva kokuthi isidleke esiphakathi sithululiwe, kwakhiwa umzila wokuphatha we-bee colony.Amapulazi ezinyosi ezinkulu e-Xinjiang ezifutha izinyosi zikagesi ezizishintshayo eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule ukuze kuzuzwe ukususwa ngomshini kwezinyosi emisebenzini yokukhipha uju.Amajeneretha edizili alayishwa ezimotweni ezincane zokuthutha ukuze anikeze amandla okufutha izinyosi kagesi emisebenzini yokukhipha uju ensimini.
Ephushwa u-Song Xinfang, isekela leNgqungquthela Kazwelonke Yabantu, Umnyango Wezolimo kanye Nomnyango Wezezimali bethule izinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo ezifana noxhaso lwezinyosi nemishini.I-Shandong, i-Zhejiang nezinye izifundazwe nazo zenze ezinye izindlela zokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-apiculture ngemishini.Abakhiqizi bezimoto nabo bayasebenza ekwakhiweni nasekuguqulweni kwezimoto ezikhethekile zokufuya izinyosi, lokhu kuguqulwa kuyindlela emisha enkulu, ukunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuphepha sokukhiqiza izinyosi, ukufuya izimoto ezikhethekile zibe yimikhiqizo esemthethweni.Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wamaShayina, isayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nezimboni kunikeze isisekelo sokukhula ngokushesha kwemboni yokukhiqiza, okwenza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokufuya izinyosi kube lula.Eminye imishini yokufuya izinyosi ingasebenzisa imikhiqizo ekhona, njenge-forklift;Ezinye zingashintshwa kancane ukuze zikhiqize izinyosi, njengamaloli ane-boom;Abanye bangabhekisela ekuklanyweni kwesimiso sokufuywa kwezinyosi imishini ekhethekile.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhiqizwa ngemishini kwe-royal jelly kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu.Ithuluzi lokudonsa ngaphandle kwezinambuzane, izinhlobo ezahlukene zomshini ohambisa izinambuzane nomshini wokudonsa wenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu.Imishini nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwemishini ye-royal jelly kuya ngokuya kuvuthiwe.Kuyadingeka ukukhumbuza imboni ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-royal jelly ezweni lakithi kuhamba phambili emhlabeni ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-royal jelly kudinga amakhono aphezulu kanye nokusekelwa kwabantu.Amazwe athuthukile akazibandakanyi ezimbonini ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi, futhi amazwe asemuva akulula ukwazi ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi nobanemininingwane yokukhiqiza i-pulp.Lapho ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imishini ye-royal jelly sebuvuthiwe, isikali sokukhiqizwa kwe-royal jelly sizokhula kakhulu emazweni afuna i-royal jelly.Amazwe adinga abasebenzi abaningi e-Asia, Afrika naseLatin America nawo kungenzeka akhiqize i-royal jelly futhi abambe imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.Kudingeka sicabange kusengaphambili futhi sihlele kusengaphambili.
Umbono wezwe lethu lokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokufuya izinyosi.
Ukwenziwa kwemishini yokufuya izinyosi kusanda kuqala eShayina, futhi kuzoba nobunzima nezinkinga eziningi esikhathini esizayo.Kuyadingeka ukucacisa izithiyo ezahlukahlukene, ukuthola izindlela zokudabula ibhodlela lentuthuko, futhi uqhubeke nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwemishini yokufuya izinyosi.
1. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwemishini yokufuya izinyosi kanye nesikali sokufuya izinyosi
Imishini yokufuya izinyosi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokufuywa kwezinyosi.Isidingo semishini yokufuya izinyosi sivela esikalini sokufuywa kwezinyosi, lapho imishini yokufuya izinyosi ingasebenzi ezindlini zezinyosi ezincane.Izinga lokufuywa kwezinyosi ngemishini ngokuvamile linquma izinga lokufuywa kwezinyosi, futhi izinga lokufuywa kwezinyosi linquma izinga lokufunwa kwemishini.Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokufuya izinyosi kungathuthukisa izinga lokufuya izinyosi.Ukwenyuka kwezinga lesikali sokufuywa kwezinyosi kwenyuse isidingo semishini ephakeme, ngaleyo ndlela kugqugquzele ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokufuya izinyosi.Lezi ezimbili futhi ukukhawulela omunye nomunye, ezinkulu ukwedlula isikali isidingo ukufuywa izinyosi ayikwazi ukusekelwa emakethe;Ngaphandle kwezinga eliphezulu lokusekelwa ngomshini, izinga lokufuywa kwezinyosi nalo lizokhawulelwa.
2. Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuzalanisa kwezinyosi ngezinga elikhulu
Ukwenza ngcono izinga lokufuywa kwezinyosi ngemishini, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinga lokufuya izinyosi.Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuphakela ngezinga elikhulu, imishini yokufuya izinyosi emikhulu ithuthukiswa kancane kancane isuka emishinini emincane yokufuya izinyosi.Njengamanje, izinga elikhulu lokufuywa kwezinyosi kanye nezinga lemishini yokufuywa kwezinyosi ezweni lakithi liphansi kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, kufanele siqale ekuthuthukiseni amathuluzi nokuthuthukisa imishini emincane ukuze siqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokufuywa kwezinyosi futhi siholele ekuthuthukisweni kwesiqondiso esifanele semishini.
3. Ubuchwepheshe bokudla kufanele buguqulelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini
Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini emisha kuzothinta imodi yokuphatha kanye nemodi yezobuchwepheshe yezinyosi, noma ngeke kunikeze ukudlala okugcwele endimeni yemishini emisha.Ukusetshenziswa komshini omusha ngamunye kufanele kulungise imodi yokuphatha kanye nemodi yezobuchwepheshe yezinyosi ngesikhathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bezinyosi.
4. Imishini yokufuya izinyosi kufanele ikhuthaze ubungcweti bokukhiqiza izinyosi
Ubungcweti kuwumkhuba ongenakugwemeka wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.Imishini yokufuywa kwezinyosi kufanele ikhuthaze futhi ihole ubuchwepheshe bokufuywa kwezinyosi.Ukukhiqizwa okukhethekile kwezinyosi kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezilinganiselwe namandla, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini ekhethekile yokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, njengemishini yokukhiqiza uchungechunge lwezinyosi, imishini yokukhiqiza uchungechunge lwe-royal jelly, imishini yokukhiqiza impova yezinyosi, indlovukazi. ukulima uchungechunge imishini ekhethekile, yezinyoni ukukhiqizwa uchungechunge imishini ekhethekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-10-2023